Legal Business

‘The time is right’: ENRC drops Debevoise for Quinn Emanuel on SFO probe

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Mining giant Eurasian National Resources Corp (ENRC) has ceased its working relationship with Debevoise & Plimpton in favour of Quinn Emanuel Urquhart & Sullivan in a major criminal investigation taken by the Serious Fraud Office (SFO).

The mandate is in relation to the SFO’s ongoing criminal investigation into the company over allegations of fraud, bribery and corruption around the acquisition of substantial mineral assets.

A team led by Lord Goldsmith at Debevoise was first instructed to advise ENRC on the SFO probe in 2013 but today (8 July) in a statement ENRC said: ‘We have worked closely with Debevoise & Plimpton for a number of years in responding to inquiries from the SFO. Lord Goldsmith and his team have provided consistently excellent advice and representation.’

‘They have been highly impressive in their handling of what has become a wide-ranging and complex matter. We have benefitted hugely from their wise guidance in navigating the range of difficult criminal and civil considerations that have arisen throughout the course of this investigation. For a number of strategic reasons, ENRC and Debevoise have decided the time is right to conclude this working relationship. We will now be working with Quinn to plot a course forward.’

Signature Litigation’s Graham Huntley is leading for ENRC in a parallel case over the client’s previous adviser, Dechert, ENRC claims Dechert overcharged the business by £11m and failed to comply with its professional obligations when advising the miner on various allegations of fraud and corruption. Huntley also replaced Lord Goldsmith for that case, and has instructed Blackstone Chambers’ Lord Pannick QC and Fountain Court Chambers’ Richard Lissack QC.

Just last week the SFO won special government funding to pursue its investigation into the Kazakhstan-based miner, where the Treasury gave the cash-strapped watchdog extra funding for the probe.

On the change of instruction, Quinn declined to comment. Debevoise also declined to comment.

sarah.downey@legalease.co.uk

Legal Business

Quinn acts on biggest UK lawsuit ever as MasterCard hit by £19bn claim

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MasterCard has become the first big victim of new UK laws allowing US-style class actions, with litigation powerhouse Quinn Emanuel Urquhart & Sullivan bringing a £19bn claim against the financial services giant on behalf of British debit and credit card users hit with ‘illegal’ charges. 

The claim, the biggest in UK legal history, will be one of the first to be filed under the Consumer Rights Act 2015, which allows ‘opt-out’ claims to be brought for the first time in the UK. It was previously hard to bring consumer claims against corporates in the UK as each individual would have had to ‘opt-in’ to the claim.

Quinn Emanuel has estimated damage to UK consumers of £19bn over anticompetitive fees MasterCard charged British retailers to process card payments, which it alleges were passed onto customers through higher prices. If the claim is successful, every single UK consumer stands to be eligible for hundreds of pounds in compensation, unless they explicitly opt-out of the lawsuit.

MasterCard lost a decade-long legal battle over interchange card fees in 2014 when Europe’s top court, the Luxembourg-based European Court of Justice, ruled the company had breached competition rules by abusing its dominant market position with the charges. Because MasterCard’s fees have already been found to be illegal by the European Commission, this follow-on claim needs to only prove the damage consumers suffered as a result of MasterCard’s anticompetitive behaviour.

These US-style class actions require a representative, which in this case is former chief financial services ombudsman Walter Merricks.

Merricks said in a statement: ‘The prices of everything we all bought from 1992 to 2008 were higher than they should have been as a result of the unlawful conduct of MasterCard. There is no question that MasterCard acted illegally in the way it conducted its business, a business that affects all of us. All of us over-paid to the tune of up to £19bn during a period lasting 16 years. My aim is to get the redress to which UK consumers are entitled and to ensure that MasterCard cannot hold on to the illegal profits it made. This case should send a signal to companies that break competition laws at the expense of UK consumers that they do so at their financial peril.’

Quinn Emanuel, which has brought similar claims in the US, has been handed a £40m war chest by Chicago-based Gerchen Keller Capital, the world’s largest litigation funder, to bring the landmark class action. Gerchen Keller Capital will therefore take a slice of any potential damages.

Boris Bronfentrinker (pictured), a star hire by Quinn Emanuel in 2014 from London competition litigation boutique Hausfeld & Co, is the lead partner working on the claim. He is working alongside Kate Vernon, a recent addition from DLA Piper, and has instructed silks Paul Harris QC of Monckton Chambers and Marie Demetriou QC of Brick Court Chambers.

MasterCard has instructed Nick Cotter at Jones Day to defend the claim. Jones Day has been one of MasterCard’s to-go firms for its mounting pile of litigation over interchange fees. Supermarkets including Morrisons and Sainsbury’s, as well as department stores Debenhams and House of Fraser, have all brought claims against MasterCard over the charges. Tesco settled its claim against MasterCard last July for £39m.

Bronfentrinker added: ‘This is precisely the type of claim for which the new collective action regime was established. This is a landmark case where unlawful anticompetitive conduct has harmed UK consumers. That harm, likely to be in the hundreds of pounds is not large enough for any individual consumer to bring their own claim. But by aggregating the claims and bringing them on a collective basis, all UK consumers who lost out will get the compensation they are owed.’

tom.moore@legalease.co.uk

Legal Business

Quinn, Stewarts and Signature demand costs from Mishcon clients in RBS litigation saga

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The ongoing saga that is the £4bn shareholder group action against the Royal Bank of Scotland (RBS) continues to prove controversial, as it has emerged that litigation powerhouses Quinn Emanuel Urquhart & Sullivan, Stewarts Law and Signature Litigation are seeking millions worth of costs incurred from the claimants of Mishcon de Reya.

Essentially the argument centres over whether Mishcon’s clients should continue to have a free ride, and keeping benefiting from other claimants’ lawyers’ work, despite having left the shareholder group in October last year.

The RBS action is brought against the bank’s former chief executive Fred Goodwin and three other directors, and relates to a rights issue in April 2008, in which RBS sold its shares at £2 per share. The claimants allege that the prospectus on which the rights issue was based was ‘defective’ and contained material misstatements and omissions.

At a recent case management conference (CMC) in mid-June before Justice Robert Hildyard, an application was made by the three lead claimant groups, represented by Quinn, Stewarts and Signature, demanding that Mishcon’s clients – which include nine pension investment subsidiaries connected to Lloyds Banking Group and are listed as follower claimants – to pay their share of the costs incurred by the lead groups in taking the litigation forward on behalf of all claimants.

The follower claimants (whose damages are worth £420m of the £4bn total) are the same group that instructed Mishcon in place of Signature. The costs estimate, says one City litigator, is said to ‘run into the millions’ and dates from the time Mishcon came on the record last year and leading up to the trial in March 2017.

Separately, Mishcon disputes partner Richard Leedham, who took the instruction to lead the institutional clients from Signature last year, has filed a costs estimate totalling £700,000 for legal work on the case so far.

At the CMC in June, the judge expressed surprise that there was an issue in this respect and said he assumed the matter would be resolved quickly without the need for the application to be heard by him this month where it has been scheduled for a half-day hearing.

Evidence has been swapped by parties over the last few weeks and Justice Hildyard has considered using a judicial assistant to help him with the trial and the mass of expert evidence in particular. A decision on the costs debacle between advisers is expected to be handed down in July.

No additional costs budgets were filed or raised at the CMC however it is understood that RBS’s adviser firm, Herbert Smith Freehills, is likely to exceed its previous cost estimate of £92m.

The RBS Shareholder Action group is the largest of three currently in dispute with RBS. Herbert Smith Freehills continues to defend RBS, with a team lead by partners Adam Johnson, Simon Clarke, Kirsten Massey and James Norris-Jones.

sarah.downey@legalease.co.uk

Legal Business

Quinn Emanuel expands in London again, appointing HSF’s Bremen as City construction chair

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US firm Quinn Emanuel Urquhart & Sullivan has strengthened its construction offering with the appointment of Herbert Smith Freehills’ James Bremen as its chair of the construction practice based in London.

With experience in the oil and gas, mining, water, power and major infrastructure sectors, Bremen has worked across 25 countries advising on both contentious and non-contentious construction matters. He regularly represents clients in other emerging markets, in particular Malaysia and the CIS countries.

Bremen will divide his time between London and Qatar where, notably, he has over a decade’s experience advising the State of Qatar and the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia on major infrastructure projects and disputes.

Other clients of Bremen’s include Qatar Petroleum, Malaysian oil and gas company Petronas and education, science and community development non-profit Qatar Foundation.

Before joining HSF, Bremen had been partner at both King & Spalding and Maxwell Winward. He gained his experience at White & Case and McCullough Robertson.

Bremen is the third major lateral hire Quinn Emanuel has made to its London office this year. In March, the firm appointed DLA Piper UK competition head Kate Vernon to its competition practice. The firm also announced in February Clyde & Co litigator Paul Friedman would join as the firm continued to expand its Israel practice. Friedman joined the firm’s 12-partner team in London but splits his time between the City and Israel, despite the firm not having an office in the Middle East.

Managing partner John Quinn said the firm’s arbitration practice, and construction arbitration in particular, have been important growth areas for Quinn Emanuel. He added ‘we have long had significant clients in the Gulf region.  James is a very good fit for us on multiple levels.’

London office co-managing partner Richard East said: ‘We are delighted to be able to welcome James to the firm and to be able to add another very significant litigation specialism  to our growing practice in London.’

madeleine.farman@legalease.co.uk

Legal Business

Quinn opens eighth European office with Zurich launch

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Quinn Emanuel Urquhart & Sullivan has opened its eighth European office, opening a Zurich outpost which will have a focus on high-stakes disputes.

Led by former Novartis group general counsel Thomas Werlen, the office will advise on litigation and arbitration of complex financial disputes, white collar and corporate investigations, regulatory investigations and resolution of M&A disputes.

The firm has spoken of its intention to open in Zurich for several years and has been trying to get regulatory approval for some time. Quinn’s other European offices are in London, Brussels, Hamburg, Mannheim, Moscow, Munich, and Paris.

Quinn has been acting as lead counsel for FIFA during the investigation into allegations of widespread corruption investigated by US and Swiss authorities. The office will also aid the firm as it represents major shareholders in chemicals company Sika, which is the subject of a hotly contested CHF2.7bn takeover bid by Saint-Gobain.

Werlen said: ‘Quinn Emanuel is a specialist firm limiting its practice solely to business litigation. Our lawyers are all litigation specialists experienced in dealing with trans-national litigation and regulatory issues. This model is unique in the Swiss market and we feel confident this will resonate with clients.’

Earlier this year the firm hired Clyde & Co litigator Paul Friedman to expand its Israel practice. Recommended by The Legal 500 for litigation, Friedman joined Quinn’s 12-partner team in London but will split his time between the City and Israel, despite the firm not having an office in the Middle East.

In other international openings, Clyde & Co today announced the opening of its Miami office, with the acquisition of five partner strong litigation firm Thornton Davis Fein. The firm’s 40 lawyers and staff will be joined by Clyde & Co partner Ricardo Lewandowski who will relocate to the new office from London to launch a Latin American liaison service in Miami.

Werlen told Legal Business: ‘We’ve already been very successful in Switzerland, and in order to retain, secure and to further expand the position, we’ve made that next step.’

He added: ‘Switzerland is home to a lot of global companies, but specifically it’s home to banks, commodities traders, sports organisations, pharma companies – all of these [companies], while they’re doing the work that they’re doing, are being exposed on a global level, in particular to white collar exposure. That business is growing exponentially, and [with] our being in Switzerland, we’re going to pick up a lot of that work, which will be executed throughout the network including the US.’

madeleine.farman@legalease.co.uk

Legal Business

Quinn Emanuel makes key competition move with DLA Piper practice head hire

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Quinn Emanuel Urquhart & Sullivan has added a second partner to its competition practice with the appointment of DLA Piper UK competition head Kate Vernon (pictured).

Promoted to head of competition for the UK at DLA more than two years ago, Vernon is the second partner to join Quinn’s City competition practice after Boris Bronfentrinker was hired from claimant firm Hausfeld & Co to launch the practice in October 2014.

Antitrust is a key component of Quinn’s US practice and the latest hire cements its strategy of developing a European competition practice following the opening of its Brussel office. The firm hired Of Counsel Nicola Chesaites in the middle of last year as it continues to build its offering.

Vernon has represented clients in both follow-on and standalone competition claims in the English High Court and acted on appeals from and judicial reviews of decisions of competition and regulatory authorities in London and Luxembourg.

At DLA Vernon acted for sports bodies including the Premier League and the British Horseracing Authority on broadcasting investigations and litigation in the UK and Europe together with providing strategic competition law advice on their sporting and commercial operations. The Legal 500 cites Vernon as ‘a strong pillar’ of DLA’s practice. Vernon will be replaced by Sam Szlezinger who becomes DLA’s UK competition head, having joined the firm in March 2015 from Dentons where he had practiced for more than 20 years. 

The co-managing partner of Quinn’s London office, Richard East said: ‘The practice in London has grown quickly and Kate will only add to the cases we can take on for clients on both sides of the “v”. I see this as an important step in our goal to become one of the leading competition litigation firms in the London market.’

The hire follows the addition of litigator Paul Friedman to the firm’s London office, who will split his time between the City and Israel as the firm looks to expand its Middle East practice. Friedman was appointed in February from Clyde & Co.

victoria.young@legalease.co.uk

Legal Business

City showdown: US firms take roles as Russia and Ukraine’s $3bn debt dispute heads to London court

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City lawyers at US firms Cleary Gottlieb Steen & Hamilton and Quinn Emanuel Urquhart & Sullivan are to face off after Russia filed a claim against Ukraine at London’s newly created financial court over its default of $3bn in bonds.

Russia’s finance minister Anton Siluanov said yesterday (16 January) that it will seek to recover the principal in full, as well as $75m in unpaid interest and legal fees.

‘I expect that the process in the English court will be open and transparent,’ Siluanov said. ‘This lawsuit was filed after numerous futile attempts to encourage Ukraine to enter into good faith negotiations to restructure the debt.’

It is the most high-profile case filed at the so-called financial list, a division of the High Court with specialist financial services judges, since its launch at the end of last year.

The claim will be seen as an endorsement of the specialist court, which handed down its first judgment earlier this year, and the English courts more generally, as some in the City had feared Russian claimants would take their cases elsewhere after the implementation of economic sanctions on the state.

The bond, arranged by White & Case and Clifford Chance, was made under English law which allows the superpower to bring a claim in the English courts.

The claim has been filed through London-listed Law Debenture Corporation, which is the trustee of the bond. The company has instructed Norton Rose Fulbright’s financial disputes partner Michael Godden to lead the claim.

Russia instructed Cleary Gottlieb London litigator Jonathan Kelly to bring the claim, with Ukraine selecting Alex Gerbi of litigation specialist Quinn Emanuel to defend it.

The filing follows failed bilateral attempts to settle the debt after Russia declined to take part in a $15bn restructuring with European creditors last year. The creditors agreed a 20% write-off on Ukraine’s outstanding sovereign debt and extended the repayment period.

Russia lent Ukraine $3bn in December 2013 as now ousted president Viktor Yanukovych stalled on whether the country should integrate with the EU or Russia. It has since annexed Crimea.

tom.moore@legalease.co.uk

Read more about London’s specialist financial court here.

 

 

Legal Business

Quinn Emanuel hires Clydes litigator Friedman as it expands City-based Israel offering

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Clyde & Co litigator Paul Friedman (pictured) has left the firm after more than 12 years to join US firm Quinn Emanuel Urquhart & Sullivan as its expands its Israel practice.

Recommended by the Legal 500 for litigation, Friedman will join Quinn Emanuel’s 12-partner team in London but will split his time between the City and Israel, despite the firm not having an office in the Middle East.

‘Quinn Emanuel has focused on representing Israeli clients for over a decade, and has successfully litigated disputes for Israeli clients in the US, the UK, the EU and elsewhere,’ said managing partner John Quinn. ‘Given that Paul will divide his time between London and Israel and has deep connections to Israeli business, Paul’s practice will also be a further boost to the firm’s Israel practice.’

At Clydes, Friedman advised on complex international disputes for global investment banks, private equity houses and high net worth individuals. He also has experience acting for clients in international arbitrations and mediation.

Some of his key cases include acting for a US bank for claims around complex financial markets derivatives transactions and a structured investment vehicle with $5bn under management; representing a Japanese investment bank and a Japanese securities finance company in relation to the Lehman collapse; and advising a Russian company in liquidation in the UK against various high net worth individuals and a related company on a claim for in excess of $2bn in High Court litigation.

Recent mandates for Quinn’s disputes team include advising Blackstone fund GSO Credit in its dispute with Barclays Bank and HCC International Insurance Company, in the first decision to be delivered by London’s new commercial court; while in the US the firm took on some of Wall Street’s top firms including Sullivan & Cromwell and Skadden Arps Slate Meagher & Flom, as a dozen major banks, data provider Markit and International Swaps and Derivatives Association (ISDA) were accused by investors of rigging the credit derivatives market in a case which resulted in a $1.87bn settlement last September. Quinn Emanuel had represented the investors in the Los Angeles County Employees Retirement Association.

jaishree.kalia@legalease.co.uk

Legal Business

Quinn Emanuel and Simmons win for Blackstone fund and Barclays in first financial list decision

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Quinn Emanuel Urquhart & Sullivan and Simmons & Simmons have beat Stephenson Harwood in the first judgment delivered on the financial list since the specialist court opened late last year.

The three firms advised on the dispute between Blackstone fund GSO Credit, Barclays Bank and HCC International Insurance Company after the parties took different views on meaning of terms in documentation published by the Loan Market Association (LMA). While GSO had formally sued Barclays, the pair essentially agreed on the meaning and effect of the trades, and Barclays took action against insurer HCC.

Quinn represented GSO Credit, with London co-managing partner Richard East and Robert Hickmott leading, and instructed Tom Smith QC and Andrew Shaw of South Square.

Defendant Barclays turned to Simmons & Simmons partner Richard Bunce, and instructed Bankim Thanki QC and Rupert Allen of Fountain Court Chambers.

Stephenson Harwood litigator Stephen Roberts advised third party HCC International Insurance Company, alongside Guy Philipps QC, also of Fountain Court Chambers.

Until recently, English courts’ financial cases have been dealt with by both the Commercial Court and the Chancery Division. But in July 2014 the Lord Chief Justice announced that the judiciary would examine what more it could do to meet the needs of court users in financial cases.

The financial list was launched for claims linked to the financial markets, which were worth over £50m or which require particular expertise in financial markets or raise issues of general. These could include transactions in the fixed income, equity, derivatives, loan, FX and commodities markets, as well as complex banking transactions and sovereign debt. The judges are drawn from both the Commercial Court and the Chancery Division.

At the Institute of Commercial and Corporate Law Annual Lecture 2016 earlier this month Sir William Blair, the judge in charge of the Commercial Court, said: ‘So far, the list appears to be operating well, and by the end of 2015, as well as two existing cases which were transferred in, eight new claims had been commenced in the list.’

jaishree.kalia@legalease.co.uk

For more on this topic see: ‘The end of the tunnel – litigation and regulatory challenges in financial services.’

 



Legal Business

Taking silk: Quinn, Gibson and Freshfields heavyweights among new QCs in 107-strong round

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A trio of City heavyweights has been appointed among 107 new Queen’s Counsel (QC) announced today (11 January), an increase on last year’s round of 93. 

Of the nine solicitor advocates who applied, there were three successful candidates, a drop on 2014/15 when five solicitor advocates were appointed. This year’s appointments include Quinn Emanuel Urquhart & Sullivan arbitration head Stephen Jagusch (pictured), Gibson, Dunn & Crutcher international arbitration group co-chair Penny Madden, and Freshfields Bruckhaus Deringer London arbitration head Nigel Rawding.

However the Queen’s Counsel Selection Panel has said the number of females applicants taking silk remains ‘stubbornly low’.

A report on the 2015/16 competition showed there were 25 successful women applicants of the 48 who applied – the same amount as last year when 25 out of 43 female applicants were successful.

Nine applicants aged over 50 were appointed, the same as last year and the youngest successful applicant is 34 years old and the oldest is 57. One of the four applicants who declared a disability was successful. In 2014-15 three applicants who declared a disability were appointed. There were nine successful applicants who declared an ethnic origin other than white out of the 32 who applied, a dip on last year in which 10 applicants out of 24 were appointed.

Figures recorded since 1995 show that while applications have fallen, the success rate of those applying has vastly improved – two decades ago only 14% of all allocations for QC were successful while today the figure stands at 45%.

Justice Secretary Michael Gove will preside over an appointment ceremony at Westminster Hall on 22 February.

Chairman of the selection panel Helen Pitcher said: ‘We remain concerned that the number of female applicants remains stubbornly low, but I am pleased that of those women who did apply, 52% were successful. While I was pleased to note a rise in BAME applicants to 14% of applications it is disappointing that the success rate for BAME applicants was lower than that for applicants as a whole.’

Other high profile names to take silk include One Crown Office Row human rights barrister Marina Wheeler, the wife of Boris Johnson, public law barrister, Shaheed Fatima from Blackstone Chambers, 39 Essex Chambers’ Justine Thornton, and Wilberforce Chambers’ Tim Penny, who recently moved to the set from the now-dissolved 11 Stone Buildings.

Roche general counsel and company secretary, Funke Abimbola, who recently published a paper on social mobility and diversity in the profession with Byfield Consultancy, tells Legal Business: ‘The talent pool of those awarded silk is generally made up of the elitist of the profession. The process of application is biased towards to those with great networks and weighty referees – and not everyone will have the time to invest in the application process. Also, the blending of the roles of solicitor-advocate and the barrister hasn’t gone far enough – there are few differences between both roles now.’

‘As for the female diversity stats, this is just evident of stats at the senior end of the Bar generally. The Bar is, however, trying a lot to improve but such improvement in the next few years will continue to be marginal.’

sarah.downey@legalease.co.uk

The full list of Queen’s Counsel, by order of seniority:

Simon Paul Steven Cairnes

Jayne Margaret Adams

Kim Franklin

Kennedy Vernon Talbot

Michael Charles Anthony Bedford

Terence Edward Bergin

Peter Anthony Makepeace

Marina Wheeler

James Michael Scott Ramsden

Paul David Ozin

Steven Suppiah Perian

Timothy Charles Penny

Andrew John Moran

Henry James Witcomb

Jonathan Charles Ashley-Norman

Derek Anthony O’Sullivan

Ian James Clarke

Ian Francis Henderson

Sarah Joanne Lee

Cathryn Margaret McGahey

Michael Joseph Ivers

Kerry Louise Bretherton

Michael Andrew Horne

Andrew David Norton

Cyrus Rais Larizadeh

Aidan Patrick Casey

Douglas James Campbell

Richard Julian Henshaw Edwards

Nicholas John Grundy

Mark Eliot George Harper

Emma Rebecca Deacon

Adam John Weitzman

Katharine Susannah Gollop

Adam Sebastian Feest

Justine Thornton

Caroline Mary Shea

Siobhan Grey

Richard William Scott Ground

John Foster Harrison

Alan Grant Johns

Louise June Sweet

Gemma White

Nicholas James Johnson

Catrin Miranda Evans

Simon James Fox

Daniel Nicholas Tatton-Brown

Richard Duncan Atkinson

Philip Evans

Simon Charles Kilvington

William Laurence Latimer-Sayer

Daniel Lightman

William Owain Thomas

Aidan Vine

Thomas Charles Weekes

Jeremy Rupert Daniel Hyam

Oliver Edwin James Glasgow

Alexander Frederick Hickey

James Herbert Maxwell-Scott

Thomas Moody-Stuart

Tobias Augustine William Riley-Smith

Ben Matthew Valentin

Stephen Richard Jagusch

Giles Francis Sacheveral Cockings

Clodagh Maria Bradley

Richard Colin Wilson

Benjamin Roger Collins

James Ewins

James Abrahams

Bridget Maura Dolan

Thomas Richard Hinchliffe

Simon Spiro Malynicz

Kama Louise Melly

Peter Skelton

Clare Adele Sibson

David Ian Head

Stephen Moses

Harry David Glyn Steinberg

Julian Hector Marriott Kenny

Sudhanshu Swaroop

Richard Thomas Kimblin

Hannah Markham

Adam Charles Prest

Daniel Bayfield

Salim Abdool Hamid Moollan

Anya, Lucie, Victoria Proops

Rosalind Jayne Phelps

Daniel Benjamin Squires

David Niaz Mohyuddin

Jonathan Michael Cohen

Brian Anthony Kennelly

Paul Stuart Mitchell

John Dempster McKendrick

Guy Luke Vassall-Adams

Maya Elizabeth Jane Lester

David Stewart Mumford

Alexander Henry Spencer Booth

Lisa Virginia Busch

Riaz Hussain

Gerald Carlo Facenna

Shaheed Fatima

Laurent Charles Sykes

Jonathan Michael Davey

Jonathan Adam Hilliard

Andrew Smith

Nigel Kenneth Rawding

Thomas Plewman

Penelope Jane Madden